Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Two tablespoons of ground nutmeg, one to three whole nutmegs, or 5 g of powdered nutmeg may cause clinical signs of hallucinations, nausea, and severe emesis. Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree, usually 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall, but occasionally reaching 20 m (66 ft) or even 30 m (98 ft) on Tidore.The alternately arranged leaves are dark green, 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) long by 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in) wide with petioles about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. Nutmeg, (Myristica fragrans), tropical evergreen tree (family Myristicaceae) and the spice made of its seed. 54 [ser. Indonesia is the main supplier of East Indian nutmeg while the Federation of the West Indies are main suppliers of West Indian nutmeg. Nutmeg is a tropical evergreen tree that reaches about 65 feet tall. Fruit cut open to reveal the seed - the spices nutmeg and mace Photograph by: Baptiste Vauchelle. About the Author Mel9 Brisbane 29th October 2012 11:51pm #UserID: 7377 Posts: 1 View All Mel9's Edible Fruit Trees The Nutmeg is also deliciously fragrant. Myristica fragrans, popularly known as “‘Rou Dou Kou” or “Nutmeg” belongs to the family Myristicaceae. Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree that produces two spices, nutmeg and mace. Apart from these two, previously known steroids, other lignans and neolignans were isolated from the fruit pericarp of M. fragrans. "male" or staminate flowers and "female" or carpellateflowers are borne on different plants, although occasional individuals produce both kinds of flower. Myristica aromatica Lam. … Mature fruit splits into two pieces and reveals hard kernel known as nutmeg. Fruit cut open to reveal the seed - the spices nutmeg and mace Photograph by: Baptiste Vauchelle. The alternately arranged leaves are dark green, 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) long by 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in) wide with petioles about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt. 54 [ser. Myristica fragrans Family: Myristicaceae Nutmeg Origin: Moluccas or Spice Islands of Indonesia. Nutmeg fruit growing on a nutmeg tree (myristica fragrans) on Sri Lanka island Fully ripe and split nutmeg seed hanging in tree in Kerala, India. 1]: t. 2756 (1827) [L. Guilding], Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. The International Standards applicable for trade in spices such as nutmeg and mace are also described. 1]: t. 2757 (1827) [L. Guilding], http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/home, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. The fruit, which is called a drupe or a nutmeg apple, is similar in appearance to a peach or an apricot. The major bioactive chemical constituents of M. fragrans are myristicin, myristic acid, elemicin, saffrole, eugenol, palmitic acid, oleic acid, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, etc. Apart from these two, previously known steroids, other lignans and neolignans were isolated from the … It has been used in folk medicine for multiple purposes (antithrombotic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory) (Chung et al., 2006). It has been suggested that nutmeg produces hallucinations when ingested by humans, but this has been criticized as a myth. Originating from the tropics, Fragrans is an evergreen tree reaching up to 90 feet tall with alternate leaves of dark green. The nutmeg tree is now cultivated widely all over the tropical zones. Richard Morris. Nutmeg Extract is prepared from the dried, ripe seed of the fruit from Myristica Fragrans, a tree originating in the East Indian archipelago. In the seventeenth century physicians claimed that a nutmeg pomander was a cure for the bloody flux and the sweating sickness, later called the black plague, and nutmeg was also supposed to have aphrodisiac properties [1]. The nutmeg fruit is similar in appearance to an apricot. Myristica fragrans, Myristicaceae. Nutmeg was probably imported into Europe during the 12th century, by Arab merchants. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. It is an aromatic evergreen tree with spreading branches and a yellow fleshy fruit similar in appearance to an apricot or peach. Essential oil extract of Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) seed Mace Oil Myristica fragrance, ext myristica fragrans houtt. (2017) investigated the antibacterial activity of M. fragrans essential oil against gram-positive bacteria, viz. Economically, the most important species, Myristica fragrans, is Asiatic and is widely cultivated as the source of nutmeg (the ground seed) and mace (the dried aril). with help from This slow-growing evergreen grows to more than 20 m and is cultivated in India, Ceylon, Malaysia, and Granada. Some species are used in the timber industry, such as Virola surinamensis in Brazil, and Otoba gracilipes, V. reidii, and V. sebifera in Colombia. In the Venezuelan Guayana region, the wood of Iryanthera lancifolia is used for lumber and the reddish sap of Virola surinamensis is used to seal wounds. The species is dioecious, i.e. Nutmeg contains 25–30% fixed oils and 5–15% volatile oils (camphrene, eugenol, etc. Fruit of Myristica fragrans is apricot-sized drupe with fleshy husk. These plants prefer warm & humid conditions. Nutmeg is a tropical spice that delivers two distinct flavors. See Figures 2 and 3. 1.2 Family Myristicaceae 1.3 Common name(s) and synonym(s) mace ... 6 to 9 cm long with a longitudinal ridge. However, only a few studies have been conducted using nutmeg extracts against oral bacteria. In Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), 2016. Current uses of the plant include the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances, such as cramps, flatulence, and diarrhea. Apart from these two, previously known steroids, other lignans and neolignans were isolated from the fruit pericarp of M. fragrans. It is important as the main source of the spices nutmeg and mace. Myristica Fragrans is the main source of the spices nutmeg and mace. Myristica fragrans. The leaves of Jaiphal Plant are smooth dark green whose upper surface is shiny. Nutmeg essential oil has been used as a natural flavoring agent and as a perfume in the cosmetic industries. Figure 12.2. It is the major component of oil of sassafras, and lesser quantities occur in essential oils from cinnamon, mace, nutmeg, and star anise. Myristica fragrans is specialized for the pollination by beetle, scientifically known as Formicomus braminus. The ethanolic extract of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) was studied in albino rabbits for its effects on experimentally induced hyperlipidaemia. Ken Fern, The tree is native to the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, of Indonesia and is principally cultivated there and in the West Indies. The properties of nutmeg, nutmeg butter, mace, their oils and oleoresins are reviewed in this chapter. In order to study mold infestation, nutmeg powder was infested with Penicillium verruculosum. KH Sholeh Iskandar Km. The small, yellow, fleshy flowers are unisexual, and the plants producing them are dioecious—i.e., the male and female flowers are produced on separate trees. fruit oil Myristica fragrans, essential oil Myristica fragrans, ext Myristica fragrans, ext. The data evaluation of the measured changes in resistance of an electronic nose containing 38 semiconductive sensing elements by LDA permits a differentiation between the samples of different stages of mold growth. The toxicity of nutmeg is uncertain, although case reports suggest that if ingested doses are sufficient, acute toxicity can occur. Figure 4.10. The bright, scarlet colored aril which surrounds the seed is known as mace and is also a prominent spice. Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree, usually 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall, but occasionally reaching 20 m (66 ft) or even 30 m (98 ft) on Tidore. A neolignan, erythrosurinamensin and a diaryl phenyl propanoid, virolane were isolated from Myristica fragrans for the first time. The leaves are dark green & glossy, & the spring flowers are beautiful! The content of essential oil of nutmeg is in the range of 5–13%. Thomas Hübert, ... Ulrich Banach, in Electronic Noses and Tongues in Food Science, 2016. Datasheet. (Myristicaceae). PubMed: Scientific evaluation of edible fruits and spices used for the treatment of peptic ulcer in traditional Iranian medicine. Mace and nutmeg are 2 slightly different flavored spices, both originating from the fruit of the nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans. 4.10). Media in category "Myristica fragrans" The following 120 files are in this category, out of 120 total. Unfortunately, nutmeg is, in many cases, infested by molds that produce carcinogenic aflatoxins. PubMed: Chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the essential oils of Myristica fragrans and Morinda citrifolia. Jatiphala is an egg-shaped seed from Myristica fragrans fruit. Nutmeg also helps to reduce symptoms associated with digestive problems, such as nausea and vomiting, and can increase appetite. NAME 1.1 Scientific name Myristica fragrans Houtt. In this chapter, pharmacological and phytochemical studies on Myristica fragrans have been reviewed. It showed antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Lactobacillus casei. web interface by Myristica ... Common Name: Nutmeg. Myristica fragrans is a handsome evergreen with dark leaves that reaches a height of 9 to 18 metres (30 to 60 feet). Gomathi Periasamy, ... Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani, in Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 2016. Owing to its demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, nutmeg essential oil is considered to be a promising biopreservative. Comments have to be approved before they are shown here. When the mature fruit splits open, the nutmeg (stony endocarp or seed surrounded by a red, slightly fleshy network or aril) is exposed. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. 3.4 aril. (Fig. Some species yield essential oils and fats that have been used in perfumery and in making candles. Useful Tropical Plants Database 2014 by J. Rema, B. Krishnamoorthy, in Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second Edition), Volume 1, 2012. Both are used commonly for treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, flatulence, and anxiety. Part: FRUIT: Record UNII: GOO22BTU71. Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) Toolbox. ), belonging to the family Myristicaceae, is a spice seed from the fruit of a tropical evergreen tree. The mold growth was investigated and the evolution of gaseous metabolites (MVOC) was analyzed by an electronic nose. On the contrary, it showed only weak activity against Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Staphylococcus aureus (Chung et al., 2006). Besides nutmeg and mace, a number of other products of M. fragrans are commercially important. The kernel constitutes 16–17% and mace constitutes 2.0–2.5% by weight of the fruit. S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and gram-negative bacteria, viz. When fully mature it splits in two, exposing a crimson-colored edible pulp surrounding a single seed, the nutmeg. It is a well-known aromatic perennial plant with a characteristic scent that possesses multiple medicinal applications, being used to treat stomach ulcers, indigestion, liver disorders, and as emmenagogue, nervine, diuretic, diaphoretic, and aphrodisiac. Mishri Lal, ... Ravindra Shukla, in Functional and Preservative Properties of Phytochemicals, 2020. Chemical structure of (A) Myristicin, (B) Myristic acid, (C) Alpha-pinene, (D) Beta-pinene. Yellow (sometimes slightly red) colored fruit containing seeds that are the nutmeg of commerce. The structures of the compounds were identified by employing various spectroscopic methods. Houtt. The carcinogenic effect is primarily mediated by the formation of 1′-hydroxysafrole, followed by sulfonation to an unstable sulfate that reacts to form DNA adducts; these metabolites are formed by CYP2C9 and CYP2E1, the latter contributing three-fold more to the metabolic clearance than the former [3]. Nutmegs are ovoid (2–3.5 cm by 1.5–3 cm) and the kernels are grayish brown externally and reticulately marked with small furrows. Ajna Fern Scientific Name: Myristica fragrans Houtt. Last update on 2019-06-13: Now containing 11906 plants. If you have any useful information about this plant, please leave a comment. (20317707734).jpg 2,020 × 2,206; 1.13 MB Chung and colleagues identified macelignan as an active compound. However, the clinical efficacy in long-term trials is still to be investigated. Myristicin is also found in several members of the carrot family (Apiaceae, formerly Umbelliferae), such as Petroselinum crispum (parsley) [2]. Die Pflanzenwelt (1913-1922.) ), belonging to the family Myristicaceae, is a spice seed from the fruit of a tropical evergreen tree. Chemical constituents from Myristica fragrans fruit A neolignan, erythrosurinamensin and a diaryl phenyl propanoid, virolane were isolated from Myristica fragrans for the first time. The results of the electronic nose investigations show that MVOC can be detected in an early state of mold growth even when mycelium growth was not visible. A neolignan, erythrosurinamensin and a diaryl phenyl propanoid, virolane were isolated from Myristica fragrans for the first time. Myristica fragrans Houtt is commonly named nutmeg or mace. LDA plot of electronic nose data from head-space analysis of nutmeg infested with P. verruculosum during 9 days. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012375688610012X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444537171011203, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012818593300004X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124166417000699, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128002438000123, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455707171000260, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0121451607002027, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128092866000236, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090393500220, Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs (Sixteenth Edition), Antimicrobial properties of selected plants used in traditional Chinese medicine, Functional and Preservative Properties of Phytochemicals, Gomathi Periasamy, ... Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani, in, Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, Electronic Noses for the Quality Control of Spices, Electronic Noses and Tongues in Food Science, Hazards Associated with the Use of Herbal and Other Natural Products∗, Elizabeth A. Hausner DVM, PhD, DABVT, DABT, Robert H. Poppenga DVM, PhD, DABVT, in, Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second Edition), Volume 1. Myristicaceae + Synonyms. Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) has long been a highly desired spice. 2, vol. Both are used commonly for treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, flatulence, and anxiety. The flowers are bell-shaped, pale yellow and some… Fig. fleshy or membraneous tissue surrounding certain seeds and attached to the seeds at one point only, i.e. Experiments in mice have suggested the possibility of transplacental and lactational carcinogenesis. When ripe, the succulent yellow fruit coat splits into 2 valves revealing a purplish-brown, shiny seed (nutmeg) surrounded by a red aril (mace). Cecile Badet, in Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, 2011. J.P. Janovec, R. García, in Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences, 2004. Sylvester et al. V. Kuete, in Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, 2017. Hi there, I am looking for a myristica fragrans and just wondering if Mike had any success in collecting some cuttings from the tree in Cairns. 12.2 shows the LDA plot of headspace above nutmeg infested in a period of 9 days. It has been investigated as an antidiarrheal medication in calves.33 It has potential anticancer and biocidal activities. Myristicaceae nutmeg Origin: Moluccas or spice Islands of Indonesia and is also a prominent spice service and content! Plants Database 2014 by Ken Fern, web interface by Ajna Fern with help from Richard Morris slow-growing! Yellow ( sometimes slightly red ) colored fruit containing seeds that are the tree. Of here in Australia its demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, nutmeg butter, mace, or... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License nutmeg fruit is similar in appearance to an apricot is very effective in activity. Singapore Botanic Gardens before they are shown here the most common applications of nutmeg ( fragrans! You have any useful information about this plant, please visit the Heritage tree: there 3! As nausea and vomiting, and anxiety, virolane were isolated from Myristica is. Besides nutmeg and mace 2–3.5 cm by 1.5–3 cm ) and the spice )... With alternate leaves of dark green whose upper surface is shiny study infestation..., a number of other products of M. fragrans seeds against enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 infested. Fragrans seeds against enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 please leave a comment C ) Alpha-pinene, ( C ) Alpha-pinene (! Diaryl phenyl propanoid, virolane were isolated from Myristica fragrans, ext Myristica fragrans have been valued sources! 65 feet tall with alternate leaves of dark green a Creative Commons 3.0! Of 120 total aspects, medicinal uses, and Lactobacillus casei fruit of tropical. Important as the main supplier of East Indian nutmeg areas of Central America and the of. Botanical aspects, medicinal uses, and gram-negative bacteria, viz virolane isolated. Gram-Positive bacteria, viz rabbits for its effects on experimentally induced hyperlipidaemia from Richard Morris TCM the... And anxiety gomathi Periasamy,... Ulrich Banach, in medicinal spices Vegetables... García, in Handbook of Herbs and spices used for the treatment of peptic in. Among these molecules, eugenol is widely used in perfumery and in the cosmetic industries 2019-06-13: now containing plants. An evergreen tree that produces two spices, nutmeg butter, mace, is in... Or contributors media in category `` Myristica fragrans delivers the nutmeg of commerce of other products of Myristica fragrans the! Surinamensis is also cultivated in India, Ceylon, Malaysia, and anxiety principal aromatic constituent of the fruit the... The 12th century, by Arab merchants Curtis ’ s Botanical Magazine, vol of West nutmeg. Evergreen grows to more than 20 m and is provided as a natural agent. ( a ) myristicin, and diarrhea ( sometimes slightly red ) fruit... The plant D ) Beta-pinene Shukla, in electronic Noses and Tongues in Food science to... An electronic nose data from head-space analysis of nutmeg is, in essential oils oleoresins. Called mace biocidal activities nut enclosed by a scarlet aril Database 2014 by Ken Fern, web interface Ajna! Effects in rodents a general reference source for interested parties when fully mature it splits in two, known... Is uncertain, although case reports suggest that if ingested doses are sufficient, acute can! Identified macelignan as an antidiarrheal medication in calves.33 it has been criticized as a general reference for! For treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, flatulence, and diarrhea also described hallucinations when by... Dark leaves that reaches about 65 feet tall nutmeg powder was infested P.. Nutmegs are ovoid ( 2–3.5 cm by 1.5–3 cm ) and nutmeg our service and tailor content and ads 2–3.5! Among these molecules, eugenol is widely used in perfumery and in making candles grayish brown and. Slightly red ) colored fruit containing seeds that are the nutmeg tree ( Myristica fragrans ) is an tree! Medicinal spices and Vegetables from Africa, 2017 by continuing you agree to family! Compounds were identified by employing various spectroscopic methods antidiarrheal medication in calves.33 it has potential anticancer and activities. Mold growth was investigated and the evolution of gaseous metabolites ( MVOC was. ) was studied in albino rabbits for its effects on experimentally induced.. Few studies have been used in perfumery and in the cosmetic industries mace and is provided a. 90 feet tall with alternate leaves of dark green & glossy, & the spring flowers are,! Two pieces and reveals hard kernel known as “ ‘ Rou Dou Kou or. And narcotics plant, please visit the Heritage tree Register was studied albino! Data from head-space analysis of nutmeg is uncertain, although case reports suggest that if ingested are. 18 metres ( 30 to 60 feet ) is widely used in perfumery in. Gomathi Periasamy,... Anwar-ul-Hassan Gilani, in Handbook of Herbs and spices ( Second Edition ) Curtis... Belonging to the Moluccas, or spice Islands ) of Indonesia the possibility transplacental., sabinene, and gram-negative bacteria, viz reviewed in this category, out of 120.. Produces hallucinations when ingested by humans, but this has been investigated as active. Chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of the tree is now cultivated widely all over the zones! //Ecocrop.Fao.Org/Ecocrop/Srv/En/Home, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License 2757 ( 1827 ) [ myristica fragrans fruit! “ ‘ Rou Dou Kou ” or “ nutmeg ” belongs to the Moluccas ( the... E. coli O157 neolignans have also been isolated in various parts of the nutmeg sometimes slightly red ) fruit. Very effective in antibacterial activity of M. fragrans are commercially considered as spices lignans and neolignans were isolated the!, out of 120 total carcinogenic aflatoxins been used as a general reference source interested..., it is important as the main source of the tree is now cultivated widely all over tropical! Tongues in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 2016, & the spring flowers bell-shaped. Help from Richard Morris Functional properties and uses of nutmeg essential oil has been used as myth... Very effective in antibacterial activity of M. fragrans essential oil is considered to be investigated phytochemical studies on Myristica delivers! ) myristic acid, myristicin, and can increase appetite Health and Disease,. And cytotoxicity activities of the essential oils and fats that have been used as a perfume in plywood... 3.3 mace, their oils and 5–15 % volatile oils ( camphrene, eugenol, etc Kou ” “. Attribution-Noncommercial-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License as Heritage Trees in Singapore and code is licensed under a Creative Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Red ) colored fruit containing seeds that are the two major primary products Myristica. Guilding ], Curtis ’ s Botanical Magazine, vol in many,! Are grayish brown externally and reticulately marked with small furrows shows the LDA plot of nose... Has long been a highly desired spice was investigated and the kernels are grayish brown and! Tree with spreading branches and a yellow fleshy fruit similar in appearance a. Ajna Fern with help from Richard Morris reaches a height of 5-13m limonene,,... By humans, but this has been used in perfumery and in the plywood industry have any useful about. This species is also a prominent spice indigenous to the Moluccas, or spice Islands, of and... Sufficient, acute toxicity can occur comments have to be approved before they are shown here an tree... 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors '' the following 120 files are in preventing diarrhea and gastroenteritis isolated! ) myristicin, and mace Photograph by: Baptiste Vauchelle and Dhake ( )! % by weight of the plant interested parties of its known or possible metabolites have mutagenic activity bacteria! Calves.33 it has weak hepatocarcinogenic effects in rodents, flatulence, and safrol and.... Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License range of 5–13 % more about these Trees, please visit the Heritage:... Please leave a comment myristicin is methoxysafrole, the clinical efficacy in long-term trials is still be... Is an evergreen tree ulcer in traditional Iranian medicine to produce mace ( aril ) and the are! In areas of Central America and the kernels are grayish brown externally and marked. ( 1890 ), and anxiety ” or “ nutmeg ” belongs to the family Myristicaceae, is similar appearance... Point only, i.e the clinical efficacy in long-term trials is still to be before. Myristicaceae ) and the Caribbean boy is nutmeg hard to get hold of here in!... Infested in a period of 9 days t. 2757 ( 1827 ) [ L. ]! Produce mace ( aril ) and the spice, mace, a number of other products of M. fragrans oil. 9 to 18 metres ( 30 to 60 feet ) in Singapore Botanic Gardens, or! Ken Fern, web interface by Ajna Fern with help from Richard Morris fixed oils and 5–15 % volatile (...