While coconut water does not contain much oil content, the lipids present may cause rancidity. Coconut water like alkaline water, contains organic compounds possessing healthy growth promoting properties, Looking to SHOP ! Once the coconut is opened, coconut water begins to lose its nutrients and flavours. The husk was also burned for fuel by natives, a seed fiber called coir is taken from the husk and used to make brushes, mats, fishnets, and rope. The PH levels (acidic-alkaline balance) of your body fluids will make the difference between high quality health and multiple illnesses and problems. In particular, ammonia, which is alkaline and has a strong odour, is always produced. Coconut-water promote metabolism to boost your immune system and help in your weight loss program It additionally helps to alkalize the acidic pH levels of indigestion. Specifically, in direct heat treatment like steam injection, the temperature quickly rises and falls at the start and the end. Coconut water contains many water-soluble vitamins (see Chapter 3, Table 3.4). Fresh tender coconuts can be readily available in the markets in tropical regions year-round. Like coconut water, coconut milk is also prone to microbiological damage. Physicochemical properties of coconut water1 Titratable acidity expressed as malic acid percentage2 Turbidity expressed as absorbance reading at 600 nm3 Total phenolic content expressed as mg GAE/LSource: Tan et al., 2014. At certain temperature ranges, this may lead to negative effects such as browning and microbial multiplication. For more information on direct and indirect heat treatments, please refer to Chapter 11. The coconut water concentrate is microbiologically stable at room temperature without the addition of additives or preservatives, and does not require refrigeration. It is also affected by the count of microorganisms when coconut water is exposed to the environment upon extraction. To increase shelf life, tender and mature coconuts should be harvested carefully. From containing vitamins that regulate the blood pressure to maintaining the right pH in the body; benefits of coconut water are a never-ending list. Depending on the number of carbons, these ketonic compounds give different off-flavours. This prevents later condensation of complex brown melanins. This is strictly related to the presence of headspace oxygen, the dissolved oxygen in coconut water, and the oxygen barrier properties of the package. These browning reactions are also found in other beverages like green tea, apple and sugar cane juices. Left at a room temperature of 25°C, fresh coconut water turns sour, as various oxidative and fermentative reactions occur. There is only one pure substance that has a defined pH, and that's water itself (pH 7) [1] . The coconut fruit itself is alkaline, but when the heat is used during the manufacturing process the pH of coconut oil becomes acidic. In Table 7.2, the assessment shows that the enzyme activity of PPO is higher than POD. When they degrade proteins into peptides, they are further degraded by various peptidases to smaller peptides and amino free acids. Analytical studies have shown that coconut water contains nutrients such as glucose, amino acids and electrolytes such as potassium, calcium and magnesium (Table 7.1). Advertisement. When carbohydrates breakdown in coconut water, it turns sour and have an unacceptable odour. As the fibres are drier and shells are harder, it is easier for them to fall into extracted coconut water. However, they require importation into the semitropical and cold regions. This is brought by complex reactions in its components. Proteins break down in a process called proteolysis, which involves the enzymes called proteases. BrowningDue to high oxidation and heat, coconut water can turn from clear or slight white turbidity to brown. This forms acids as products. It’s a great diuretic. Between 7-9 months, the sweetness of coconut water increases to its maximum when sugar content increases. It should not be confused with coconut milk, which is made by adding water to grated coconut meat. Lipolysis is covered in more detail in Chapter 8. It additionally helps produce mucous in your stomach, which gives insurance from the hurtful impacts of inordinate acid production. Coconut Water has natural minerals and functions as a natural electrolyte replacement, CoconutWater have natural sugars and amino acids which is the building blocks of protein, CoconutWater contains large amounts of potassium, CoconutWater burn as energy right away and don't get stored as fat, CoconutWater has a chemical composition similar to human blood ­plasma and is naturally sterile, It was used straight from the nut to give emergency transfusions to soldiers in Pacific War of 1945 when blood wasn't available, CoconutWater can help prevent urinary tract infection, CoconutWater is high in lauric acid, which has antiviral, antibacterial properties and helps fight herpes and flu, CoconutWater has been recommended to help pregnant women stay hydrated, because mother's breast milk contain lauric acid, In the tropics, CoconutWater is used to replace lost fluids as a result of diarrhea, Coconut is hailed as a healthy alternative to sports drinks, CoconutWater is low in fat, free of cholesterol, full of vitamins and minerals It is an all natural isotonic beverage, orally re-hydrate your body, Coconut-water promote metabolism to boost your immune system and help in your weight loss program, Coconut-water contains more potassium, is very high in Chloride, sodium and natural sugar, carry nutrients and oxygen to cells, to naturally replenish your body's fluids after workout and exercise, Coconut-water is the very stuff of Nature, biologically Pure, full of Natural Sugars, Salts, and Vitamins to ward off fatigue, A natural cleanse for digestive tract and helps control diabetes. Plate 1 As temperature increases from 4-35°C during storage, there is a faster change in the total soluble solids content, pH, and titratable acidity of untreated coconut water. However, when ascorbic acid is added as an antioxidant, close attention must be paid so its level does not get so high that it promotes ascorbic acid browning instead. Nothing on this site is intended as a substitute for advice from a practicing physician or pharmacist. When peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) come into contact with oxygen, reactions cause nutritional and flavour losses. When a solution becomes more concentrated, vapour pressure decreases. During the extraction of coconut water from mature coconuts, oil from the kernel can enter the coconut water. There are also noticeable visual changes for mature coconut water. lactic and butyric acids), alcohols (e.g. C0C0NUT Water contains lauric acid, which is present in mother's milk. Thus manufacturers often add antioxidants like ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulphite to scavenge oxygen, making it unavailable for other reactions. Microbiological carbohydrate metabolism productsSource: © Tetra Pak International S.A., Dairy Processing Handbook 2015. As compared to the former, the quality parameters like pH and turbidity are sub-par. On the pH scale, Skinny tests at 7.3 (that of a natural, raw coconut), whereas our competitors are testing at 3.5-5.5 (acidic). It also helps to extend coconut water’s shelf life. In addition, mature coconut water is typically more turbid than young coconut water at any stage of storage. Cola, Sprite etc.) A very potent fermented toddy or alcoholic drink is also made from the coconut palm's sap When enzymes catalyse, the oxidation of phenolic compounds present in coconut water form brown pigments. The ideal pH level of drinking water should be between 6-8.5. When oxygen reacts with SMB, it becomes unavailable for other browning reactions. This is due to the thermal decomposition of ascorbic acid. The husk also acts as added protection from cracks that would lead to the contamination and eventually spoilage of coconut water. Coconut water (CW) is the purest of liquids, closest to the perfect balance in your internal fluids. As the husk helps to preserve nut quality and increase the storage life of coconut water, the taste of stored dehusked nuts can subsequently become less desirable than non-dehusked nuts. How to know if a food is alkaline or acidic Almost all foods that we eat, after being digested, absorbed, and metabolized, release either an acid or an alkaline base (bicarbonate) into blood. Coconut water extraction, formulation, processing and storage can also affect the flavour. This is partly due to naturally occurring enzymes found in coconut water. Coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) is an ancient tropical beverage whose popularity on the international market has been continuously increasing in recent years. What is the PH of coconut water? Ascorbic acid, otherwise known as Vitamin C, plays an important role in food processing. In drilling, there is generally less contamination by coconut fibres, soil and enzymes from the other parts of the coconut. Rich in potassium, anti-oxidants and lauric acid, cytokinins are stated to stabilize pH levels, strengthen and hydrate connective tissues as well as reduce the risk of age-related illness. Antioxidants are often added to control discolouration. While amino acids can be reused again for protein synthesis to grow or multiply microorganisms, they can also be broken down by oxidation or fermentation processes. Its appearance is affected by coconut maturity and environmental exposure. 8. Due to its extremely high nutrient content, it is used in various ways. In microorganisms, there are many biochemical and enzymatic systems concerned with coconut water and its products. Please note that all fields followed by an asterisk must be filled in. Water activity, pH, temperature, oxygen availability, and light affects the growth rate of microorganisms. Low in sugars and calories, it is rich in essential electrolytes and vitamins. CaramelizationCaramelization of carbohydrates occurs when surfaces are heated strongly, such as baking and roasting. Gain access to the contents of this book by filling out the fields in the form. 5. Dubbed the “fluid of life”, coconut is safe for everyone to drink fresh from the nut. It is an all natural isotonic beverage, orally re-hydrate your body . Low in sugars and calories, it is rich in essential electrolytes and vitamins. They can be classified into three groups: Pinking of coconut water Pinking is a phenomenon that happens only in young coconut water. Due to its low sugar content, a very small extent of caramelization takes place when coconut water undergoes heat treatment. In particular, water activity is defined as the ratio of water vapour pressure in food to that of pure water, at the same temperature. One study in rats showed that blood sugars and hemoglobin A1C levels were … Coconut-water help detoxify and fight viruses. As the Hawaiians say, coconut water is “dew from the heavens”. Pinking is due to the intermediate compounds formed from the enzymatic phenolic oxidation of coconut water. A pH of 7 is neutral. These minute amounts of oil, if broken down, can result in a rancid taste profile. Coconut water is a natural, fat-free drink. Non-enzymatic phenolic oxidationWithout PPO and POD enzymes, phenolic browning can still occur when oxygen is present. Coconut water has a natural pH same as water (6.5 to 7), which is absolutely healthy to consume. Coconut water forms naturally in the fruit and contains 94% water and very little fat. Losses caused by aerobic degradation pathway cannot be prevented by packaging, which is consistent for all types of package. Coconut water, less commonly known as coconut juice, is the clear liquid inside coconuts (fruits of the coconut palm).In early development, it serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during the nuclear phase of development.As growth continues, the endosperm matures into its cellular phase and deposits into the rind of the coconut pulp. Turbidity refers to the extent which coconut water appears to be unclear. How is it measured? Coconut water is found in the centre of a relatively young coconut. Heat has positive and negative effects on coconut water, depending on the range of temperature and the parameter under observation. They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus. In general, acidity of coconut water decreases with maturity, and this contributes to the increasing sweetness of coconut water between seven to nine months. For example, heptan-2-one gives a rancid almond flavour while nonan-2-one gives a turpentine flavour (Kellard et al., 1985). Please note that entering your e-mail address here does not mean that you subscribe to any newsletters. Coconut water helps to manage blood sugar. The microorganism’s enzymes determine which carbohydrates they can break down into, and to what extent. However, with high ascorbic acid levels and the presence of oxygen, browning may also occur. Rancidity refers to developing off-flavours when the hydrolysis, oxidation or microbial degradation of lipids form free fatty acids (FFA), which subsequently undergoes further reactions and yield off- flavoured ketones. ------------------------------------------------------- Coconut water is a universal donor - identical to "human blood plasma" Coconut Water, balance your PH, reduce risk of cancer and boost poor circulation to keep the body cool and at the proper temperature. After harvesting, the husk of the coconut helps to minimize the above changes in the coconut water over the storage period. This section covers the reactions that happen when coconut water is extracted and loses protection of the coconut’s sterile environment. Nowadays, ready to use tender coconuts, imported from Thailand and Malaysia, can be easily available in the USA, European Union, and Canada. On the pH scale, it tests at 3.5-5.5 (acidic). Coconut water can help! Enzymatic phenolic oxidationEnzymatic browning is one of the most important colour reactions that affect fruits, vegetables, and seafood. Coconut water contains a similar electrolyte profile to human blood, making it an ideal beverage to replace fluids and help remove toxins from the body. Please enter your details to continue reading the rest of the book of 180 pages essential coconut processing knowledge. Compared to mature coconut water, young coconut water consists of a higher phenolic content, PPO and POD enzyme activity (refer to Table 7.2 for the differences between these enzyme activities). The composition, physicochemical, PPO and POD enzyme activities are influenced by factors such as geographical location and variety. In particular, Vitamin C is a sensitive compound in coconut water. carbon dioxide and hydrogen). and coconut water may be used as sources of oral fluid when glucose-electrolyte solution is not available. methionine and cysteine), the breakdown of these amino acids may produce hydrogen sulphide, which gives off a rotten egg smell. Both anaerobic and aerobic degradations take place simultaneously. To balance between both heat effects on coconut water, factors across the whole chain like raw material quality, hygienic handling and even governmental regulations need to be taken into account when processing and packaging coconut water. The compositional differences relate to the effects deterioration reactions have as well as the quality aspects of coconut water. The human body requires an acid-alkaline balance, and it does this naturally through homeostasis to maintain constant equilibrium. As coconut water contains trace amounts of sulphur-containing amino acids (e.g. Alkalizes and balances body pH level; Regulates blood sugar level and is suitable for diabetics; Improves blood circulation, prevents numbness in limbs, fingers and toes; Anti-aging effects on cells, prevents age-related diseases; Having said that, do not drink coconut water in excess. It Helps in Treats Constipation. To evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of these soft drinks, the basic data such as electrolytes, sugar, calories, osmolarity and pH were determined. Raw, natural, unprocessed coconut water affects the final quality of the packaged product. When oxidized, the polyphenols can also lead to a complex reaction, resulting in the undesired discolouration of coconut water. Naturally, it increases as coconuts mature. This is represented by total soluble solids (°Brix). Beverages (i.e. When this happens, microorganisms multiply and contribute to the increasing turbidity of coconut water. or looking to make extra CASH ! The quality of coconut water is preserved when these reactions can be retarded or stopped completely. While there are ways to preserve and maintain the quality of the raw material, it is not possible to improve it. Statements and Contents on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug administration. Coconut water not only quenches the thirst and gives the body a substantial dose of its daily requirements, it suppresses hunger and aids digestion, lowers cholesterol, is an antioxidant, and a mighty fine hangover cure. It’s almost as good as a massage! Enzyme activity according to coconut maturity 1 A unit of enzyme activity refers to the amount of enzymatic extract necessary to produce an increase of absorbance at rates of 0.001 unit per millilitre of sample per soluble solids content per minute (U mL-1 °Brix-1 min-1 ).Source: Tan et al., 2014. They work by scavenging oxygen or free radicals. To maintain the acceptability of fresh coconut water, it should be kept under chilled condition at all times. Coconut water might contain too little sodium and too much potassium. The only possible countermeasure is to reduce the storage temperature. Everything else is determined by the extent that it dissolves and dissociates in water, and its concentration. Maillard reaction covers a whole range of complex transformations. It is mainly driven by storage temperature. Potassium has been shown to lower blood pressure in people with hypertension (high blood pressure) by counteracting the effects of sodium that can cause blood pressure to rise. The best pH level for drinking water sits right in the middle at a 7. Coconut water has grown in popularity over the past few years, but this beverage dubbed "nature's sports drink" has been around for centuries. FINANCING AVAILABLE Phone : 403-397-3833 Too much of anything good may backfire. Consumption of coconut water significantly increased urinary citrate (29%, p=0.02), urinary potassium (130%, p=0.01), and urinary chloride (37%, p=0.03), without affecting urine pH (p=0.16) or volume beyond that of tap water (p=1.00). These can be subdivided into which constituents they break down into and their respective effects. By its very nature, coconut water does not contain much ascorbic acid. Fat is broken down by enzymes (mainly lipase) in a process called lipolysis into free fatty acids. While mature coconuts have higher protein levels and pH values than young coconuts, the amount of minerals can also vary between young and mature coconuts. Low in calories, naturally free of fat and cholesterol, more potassium than four bananas, and super hydrating -- these are just a few of the many benefits ascribed to Americas latest health craze: coconut water. Cannabis benefits from coconut water for the very same reasons, with the added benefit of being entirely organic. This has been widely used in the food industry. While fermentation occurs in most cases, carbohydrates can be completely degraded to carbon dioxide and water through oxidative metabolism. While the composition of coconut water was covered in Chapter 3, it is important to recall the differences in the composition of coconut water obtained from young (7-9 months) and mature (10-13 months) coconuts. From 10-13 months, the sugar levels decrease and coconut water tastes less sweet. Maillard reaction Maillard reaction causes proteins to deteriorate when food is processed and stored. Water with a pH lower than 7 is considered acidic, and with a pH greater is considered basic. This is because young and mature coconuts have different husks and shells. In the secondary process, this pink or red compound can further react with amino acids to form more compounds like p-amino-o-quinone (Mathew et al., 1971). o-quinone (Mathew et al., 1971). Coconut Water, balance your PH, reduce risk of cancer and boost poor circulation to keep the body cool and at the proper temperature. Thus, there is less thermal impact than indirect heat treatment. This is due to oxidation of polyphenols which are catalysed or otherwise. The coconut itself has many food uses, including milk, meat, sugar and oil as well as functioning as its own dish and cup. It decreases with maturity, hence mature and young coconut water tastes significantly different. Vital for human nutrition as well, its key antioxidant effect acts as an inhibitor of enzymatic browning. The phenolic content also contributes to the overall flavour profile of coconut water. Pure water has a neutral pH of 7. When coconut water is extracted, its exposure to air initiates reactions like oxidation. Uses. Starting with a reaction between a reducing sugar like glucose and an amino acid, it ends with the formation of melanoidins which are brown, high molecular weight heterogeneous polymers. This reaction can promote the loss of nutritional quality when essential amino acids are destroyed. In the primary process, PPO catalyses the oxidation of phenolic compounds to form brown polymers (Villamiel et al., 2006). In general, ascorbic acid levels of 20-50 ppm can help to minimize enzymatic browning. In addition, turbidity is influenced by the total dissolved sugars, proteins, and other matters. However, the likelihood of contamination increases for mature coconuts. Coconut water has a pH of between 5 and 5.4 and is therefore slightly acidic. Aid body in fighting viruses that cause the flu, herpes, and AIDS. The coconut water itself was also analyzed and it was calculated to have a total alkali content of 13.8 mEq/L. As the Hawaiians say, coconut water is “dew from the heavens”. It helps balance the body’s pH. Coconut water has an alkalizing property that reestablishes a sound pH in the body. The substance which causes pinking is an intermediate in this reaction, i.e. This is why right after extraction, filtration is an important step to remove the contaminants. Coconut water from the young green coconuts of dwarf palms is approximately 5% sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose and sugar alcohols) and 1% ash (mainly potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and sodium) when the fruit reaches 7 months of maturation, the ideal point of harvest. Once the coconut is opened, coconut water begins to lose its nutrients and flavours. Health benefits of coconut oil To realize the beneficial effects on health, experts recommend regular consumption of one or two tablespoons daily. It also occurs when foods with high sugar content, such as jams and certain fruit juices, are processed. The flavour profile of coconut water is built from acids, sugar, phenolic compounds and mineral content. Browning in caramelization is due to the formation of caramels, a complex mixture of various high molecular weight components. By drinking coconut water daily, you help your body maintain near perfect PH. For more information on proteolysis, please refer to Chapter 8. As a result, the air in the headspace contains 99.9% nitrogen, an increase from an initial content of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Compared to partially dehusked nuts, the quality of coconut water from non-dehusked nuts can be maintained for an extended period of time. PPO is also more heat resistant than POD. Through normal processing routines like pumping, stirring and splashing, there is a higher chance for lipase to work on the oils. Your body s pH acidic level turns basic when you drink coconut water. Alternatively, nitrogen blanketing may be used in storage and aseptic tanks, where sterile air is replaced with nitrogen. All Rights Reserved 2007 Alkaline-Water-Site.com There is also likely to be more contamination in mature coconuts, as more husk and shell pieces fall into the extracted water during drilling. pH values of less than seven are acidic, those greater than seven are alkaline. However, certain microorganisms can cause food poisoning, human disease, and spoilage. This indeed is absolutely true. ethyl and butyl) and gases (e.g. Get Your Own Web-Site Just Like I Did - Click Here Coconut water is a natural, fat-free drink. For example, the amount of potassium in coconut water increases as the coconut matures. In general, Vitamin C is lost through anaerobic and aerobic degradations. In general, carbohydrate fermentation results in the production of acid (souring, pH drop) and gases, depending on the organisms (Table 7.3). 7. The perianth should remain intact, and the nuts should not be broken or cracked. Coconut water is a relatively clear, colourless liquid. Post navigation. A coconut water stock is concentrated by an evaporation process to obtain a coconut water concentrate of at least 70°Brix having a water activity of 0.7% or below. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends that the pH level of water sources should be at a pH measurement level between 6.5 to 8.5 on a scale that ranges from 0 to 14. While most countries regulate the presence of SMB in coconut water at 30 ppm maximum, it is advisable to check with local authorities on the most recent permissible levels of this antioxidant. For example, heat can be used for enzyme deactivation, pasteurization or sterilization to kill off pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_pH_level_of_a_coconut Usually, fermentation produces organic acids (e.g. Balances Blood Sugar. Commonly used, the two effective antioxidants for coconut water are ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulphite. The first pink coconut water to hit store shelves in the U.S., Harmless Harvest is our pick for the best organic coconut water. It's natural isotonic beverage, with the same level of electrolytic balance as we have in our blood, boost poor blood circulation. Microorganisms are frequently used in producing food products like cheese and yoghurt. Reduce Stress and Muscle Tension . Hence, if a young coconut water is left exposed with no control measures like cooling, it can turn as turbid as mature coconut water in a matter of hours. In general, an increase in temperature results in an increase in reaction rates. Coconut water is not a good fluid to take to increase salt levels in people with cystic fibrosis. Different extraction methods, like drilling or halving the nuts, vary the effect on coconut water extraction. For aerobic degradation, the pathway needs oxygen. Typically, it is caused by phenolic oxidation, Maillard reaction and caramelization. The electrolyte potassium, specifically, can help counteract some of the negative effects of a high-sodium processed diet. It also reduces protein digestibility and amino acid availability. Coconut oil, a saturated fat made from dried coconut meat, is used for commercial frying and in candies and margarine, as well as in non-edible products such as soaps and cosmetics. In the case of coconut water, PPO is used as the indicator for enzyme deactivation treatments. As a result, coconut water that undergoes indirect heat treatment becomes browner at the start of their packaged shelf life. pH is measured with the use of a pH meter. While some of the fatty acids produced are volatile, give off strong smells, or contribute to a sour taste, many bacteria and moulds that break down proteins also break down oil through oxidation. Sulphite also reduces o-quinone, which is produced by PPO catalysis, to a less reactive diphenol. Packaged Coconut Water. With oxygen exposure, aeration accelerates pinking and browning. For example, turbidity increases, browning occurs and pH decreases. Some promising studies in diabetic animals have suggested that coconut water may be effective in controlling diabetes. Orally re-hydrate your body fluids will make the difference between high quality health and multiple illnesses and.! Tests at 3.5-5.5 ( acidic ) of heat treatment results in an increase in temperature results an... Is consistent for all types of package the likelihood of contamination increases for mature have! 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