In vitro cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds against three human cancer cell lines (KB, oral cavity; MCF-7, breast cancer; and NCI-H187, small cell lung cancer) were evaluated. Chem. In the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Myristica seed essential oil is indicated as specific for flatulent dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhea, and dysentery (Sellar 2001, Lawless 2002). Woo-Chul Jung, Young-Su Jang, Tran Trung Hieu, Chong-Kyu Lee, Young-Joon Ahn, Toxicity of Myristica fragrans Seed Compounds Against Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) , Journal of Medical Entomology, Volume 44, Issue 3, 1 May 2007, Pages 524–529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/44.3.524. Increasing levels of resistance to the most commonly used insecticides have caused multiple treatments and excessive doses, raising serious human health and environmental concerns. di Scienze Chimiche, Univ. It is important as the main source of the spices nutmeg and mace. Additionally, some plant extracts and phytochemicals have been shown to be highly effective against insecticide-resistant insect pests (Miyakado et al. HHS Ser. Permethrin (95% purity) and propoxur (98% purity) were supplied by the National Institutes of Health (NIH; Bethesda, MD) and Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC; Seoul, Korea). Growing Environment. Ser.  |  In East Asia, the seed of M. fragrans has long been considered to have medicinal properties such as a remedy mainly for digestive and kidney problems (Namba 1993). S. B. (1R)-(+)-Camphor, (1S)-(-)-camphor, dipentene, (1R)-(+)-β-pinene, and (+)-α-terpineol (0.10–0.14 mg/cm2) were more toxic than propoxur (0.19 mg/cm2). The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Myristica fragrans (MF) seeds on learning and memory in mice. . Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2005) was used to evaluate the toxicity of M. fragrans seed-derived materials (a methanol extract, five solvent fractions, and 13 compounds) and 23 test compounds to adult females of B. germanica. . All test compounds were less toxic than either deltamethrin (0.013 mg/cm2) or dichlorvos (0.007 mg/cm2). H. M. Results were compared with those of the other 23 known compounds of Myristica seed and currently used insecticides: dichlorvos, deltamethrin, permethrin, and propoxur. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com, An Efficient Alternative to the CDC Gravid Trap for Southern House Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Surveillance, The Differential Metabolic Profiles Between Deltamethrin-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains of, About the Entomological Society of America, http://www.fao.org/docrep/v4084e/v4084e00.htm, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright © 2020 Entomological Society of America. L. L. Park 1). Responses varied with treatment method. In the current study, the test compounds described except for myristic acid were effective in closed but not in open containers against female B. germanica. A wide variety of myristica fragrans seeds options are available to you, such as raw. Edible Seeds. Ahn Chem. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Latin Name Myristica fragrans Sanskrit Name Jatisasya, Jatiphala English Name Nutmeg Common Name Jaiphal, Kanivish, Jaitri, Jayfar, Jaykai, Jatika, Sathikkai, Jauzbuwa Ayurvedic Properties and Action: Rasa Katu, Tikta Guna Laghu, Tiksna Virya Usna Vipaka Katu Karma Dipana, Grahi, Vrsya, Mukhakledanasaka, Mukhadaurgandhyanasaka, Kaphavatapana Phytochemistry: Seeds contain about … Kini Fractions obtained from the methanolic extract of M. fragrans seeds were bioassayed by direct contact with treated filter papers. G. H. Little information exists with respect to managing cockroaches with M. fragrans despite its excellent pharmacological actions. R. M. 171–213, Allergic and toxic reactions to nonstinging arthropods, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Thirty-eight compounds used in this study were as follows: myristic acid, oleic acid, and safrole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO); endo-(1R)-(+)-borneol, endo-(1S)-(-)-borneol, endo-(1S)-(-)-bornyl acetate, o-cymene, (+)-limonene oxide, γ-terpinene, and (+)-α-terpineol were purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI); (1R)-(+)-camphor, (1S)-(-)-camphor, (R)-(+)-citronellal, (S)-(-)-citronellal, n-hexadecane, myristicin, (R)-(-)-α-phellandrene,(1R)-(+)-α-pinene, (1S)-(-)-α-pinene, (1R)-(+)-β-pinene, (1S)-(-)-β-pinene, and (E)-sabinene hydrate were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); eugenol, methyl eugenol, and methyl myristate were purchased from Merck (Mohenbrum, Germany); cumene, dipentene, dodecane, isoeugenol, isovanillin, n-octanoic acid, palmitic acid, toluene, tridecane, and undecane were purchased from Tokyo Chemical (Tokyo, Japan); and 4-terpineol, terpinolene, and terpinyl acetate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). You can also choose from msds, fda, and ce myristica fragrans seeds, as well as from herbal extract myristica fragrans seeds, and whether myristica fragrans seeds is single herbs & spices. 2014;28(20):1664-8. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.934236. Adult mortalities were determined at 24 h posttreatment. NAME: Nutmeg Tree SCIENTIFIC NAME: Myristica Fragrans COLOR: Light Yellow Flowers / Green - Red - Brown Fruit PLANT SEEDS: At 75 - 85F BLOOM TIME: Spring HARVEST: Fall HARDINESS ZONE: 9 - 11 PLANT HEIGHT: 40' PLANT SPACING: 40' LIGHT REQUIREMENTS: Sun - Part Shade SOIL & WATER PREFERENCES: Average QUANTITY: 1 Seed OTHER: The Nutmeg Tree, or Pala, is a small … Both are used commonly for treating stomach discomfort, peptic ulcer, flatulence, and anxiety. These results indicate that the effect of these compounds was largely a result of action in the vapor phase. For example, neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed extracts are found to have a variety of biological activities, including insecticidal activity against nearly 200 species of insects without any adverse effects on most nontarget organisms (Saxena 1989). 1991). C. G. Chumkaew P(1), Srisawat T(2). (1S)-(-)-β-pinene was 2, 5, and 6 times more active than (1R)-(+)-β-, (1S)-(-)-α-, and (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, respectively. 1997), and they are likely to be useful in resistance management strategies.  |   |  Explore. Soc. Description. They were reared with dog chow pellets (Purina Korea, Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province, Korea) in plastic boxes (30 by 25 by 20 cm) at 27 ± 1°C, 55 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 13:11 (L:D) h. The dried seeds (1 kg) from M. fragrans were purchased from Sokrisan medicinal herb shop at Gyeongdong Market (Seoul, Korea). The linear velocity of the helium carrier gas was 18.0 cm/s (30°C) at a split ratio of 1:20. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is used in food preparations for its aromatic flavor. Abstract. (A) Vapor phase in a closed container. Ahn Chemical constituents from Myristica fragrans fruit. Nutmeg is an aromatic seed that is rich in several essential oils, including myristicin, d-camphene, safrol, elemicin, eugenol and limonene. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Nutmeg benefits are many. Control filter papers received 100 μl of methanol or acetone. Ha MT, Vu NK, Tran TH, Kim JA, Woo MH, Min BS. Potent insecticidal activity was also observed with (R)-(+)-citronellal, (S)-(-)-citronellal, (R)-(-)-α-phelladrene, (1S)-(-)-α-pinene, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, and safrole(0.27–0.48 mg/cm2). Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans, is a tropical evergreen tree in the family Myristicaceae grown for its seeds which are used as spices.The nutmeg tree has natural conical shape with a grey-brown trunk and dark green glossy leaves. The effluent of the capillary column was introduced directly into the ion source of the mass spectrometer. defatted with n-hexane by cold marceration at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered and the . Y. C. Cockroaches were considered to be dead if appendages did not move when they were prodded with a wooden dowel. Myristica amboinensis Gand. 2016 Jan 22;21(2):134. doi: 10.3390/molecules21020134. 1998) might be attributed to the difference in the drying times of solvent (contact toxicity bioassay, 2 versus 30 min; fumigant toxicity bioassay, 2 versus 5 min). Dichlorvos and propoxur and deltamethrin and permethrin were dissolved in 100 μl of methanol and acetone, respectively. NLM Y. S. The Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Lignans and Malabaricones from the Seeds of Myristica fragrans in the MDCK-pHaMDR Cell Monolayer Model. Am. I. Myristica seed extract or essential oil contains a relatively large number of volatile and semivolatile components (Namba 1993, FAO 1994, Sellar 2001, Lawless 2002, LECO Corporation 2003). S. H. Ohno 1. . (E)-Sabinene hydrate and propoxur were almost equitoxic. S. H. Volatile compounds of many plant extracts consist of alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenoids, particularly monoterpenoids (Visser 1986, Coats et al. F. Y. Ho The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Myristica fragrans (MF) seeds on learning and memory in mice. The insecticidal activity of 13 Myristica seed compounds against female B. germanica … Potencies varied according to compound tested. Myristica moschata Thunb. 449, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Toxic and antifeedant action of nutmeg oil against, Leads and prospects for the development of new botanical insecticides, Pesticides based on plant essential oils for management of plant pests and diseases, pp. In the current study, the shapes of molecules such as absolute configuration, optical rotation, and position of double bond seem to play a role in determining the toxicities to B. germanica. Exporter of Whole Spices - Nutmeg Myristica Fragrans, Red Chili Whole Capsicum Annuam, Coriander Seeds Coriandrum Sativum and Fennel Seeds Foeniculum Vulgare offered by Four Seasons Agro And Spices, Jodhpur, Rajasthan. . Deltamethrin (98% purity) and dichlorovos (99% purity) were obtained from the Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration (Suwon, Korea). As judged by 24-h LD50 values, (1S)-(-)-β-pinene (0.06 mg/cm2) was the most toxic insecticide. Symp. degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Univ. Epub 2020 Nov 18. Pang Edible Plant Parts (Edible Fruits, Edible Seeds) Food (Herb and Spice) Cultural / Religious ( Heritage Tree : There are 3 individuals of Myristica fragrans listed as Heritage Trees in Singapore. This prevented direct contact of cockroaches with the test compound. Y. J. The interface was kept at 280°C, and mass spectra were obtained at 70 eV. I am selling the seeds of the plant which is capable to grow the tree. L.E.W. The fruit, which is called a drupe or a nutmeg apple, is similar in appearance to a peach or an apricot. Nakayama New neolignans from the seeds of Myristica fragrans and their cytotoxic activities. Epub 2010 Apr 13. Nutmeg is most commonly ground down into a … Choi The ion source temperature was 200°C, and the injector temperature was 170°C. Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree that produces two spices, nutmeg and mace. In part, because certain plant extracts and essential oils meet the criteria of minimum risk pesticides (USEPA 1996), much effort has been focused on them and their constituents as potential sources of commercial cockroach control agents. Phytomedicine 13: 261-266. Myristica fragrans is a dioecious or occasionally monoecious evergreen, aromatic tree, usually … The combined filtrate was concentrated under vacuum at 40°C to yield ≈23.1% as the dark brownish tar (based on the weight of the dried seed). The capillary column and temperature conditions for the GC-MS analysis were the same as described above for GC analysis. The seeds of M. fragrans were ground into powder form using an electronic blender (Model MGB 1212, Japan). 2, 4.25 cm in diameter). Ngoh et al. The extract (100 g) was sequentially partitioned into hexane- (85.0 g), chloroform- (5.0 g), ethyl acetate- (2.5 g), butanol- (5.0 g), and water-soluble (2.5 g) portions for subsequent bioassay. Of ≈20 peaks observed in the GC chromatogram of the hexane-soluble fraction, 15 compounds were identified by authentic sample injection. The constituents were identified by comparison of mass spectra of each peak with those of authentic samples in a mass spectra library (The Wiley Registry of Mass Spectra Data, 7th ed., New York). A filter-paper contact toxicity bioassay (Jang et al. Very tropical, hardy for short periods to 40-45F, but prefers constant temperatures above 55F. December 2020. Am. Structure-activity relationships of chemicals against insect pests have been well studied. Of the test compounds, (1S)-(-)-β-pinene was the most toxic insecticide. Vapor phase toxicity bioassay. Arch Pharm Res. This slow-growing evergreen grows to more than 20 m and is cultivated in India, Ceylon, Malaysia, and Granada. USA.gov. Y. Yang Significant differences in toxicity were observed in fractions of the extract. In separate experiments, the closed and open container treatment methods were used to determine whether the lethal activity of 24 test compounds against female B. germanica was attributed to contact toxicity or fumigant action (Fig. Huang These potential new insecticides can be applied to the resting and hiding places in the same manner as the insecticides currently used. M. R. for 3 successive days to different groups of young and aged mice. M. Helium carrier gas was used at a column head pressure of 26.9 psi (186 kPa). The branches of the tree spread in whorls and the leaves are oval or … Y. J. These problems indicate the need for the development of alternatives for the control of B. germanica, particularly those with fumigant action, because many insecticides cannot reach deep harborages and need to be applied to sensitive environments, such as computer facilities, food industrial facilities, and hospitals (Schal and Hamilton 1990). Neolignan 3 showed significant cytotoxicity against KB and NCI-H187 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.9 and 6.3 μM, respectively. Search for other works by this author on: Phytochemical pest control agents. Cytotoxicity; Myristica fragrans; Myristicaceae; Neolignans. 387, Integrated suppression of synanthropic cockroaches, The C. W. Daniel Company Limited, Saffron Walden, Exemption of certain pesticide substances from federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act requirements, US Environmental Protection Agency, Final Rule, 40CFR 152.25 (g), May 6, Host odor perception in phytophagous insects, Production and application of phytochemicals from an agricultural perspective, pp. Myristica seed compounds described merit further study as potential insecticides or as leads for the control of cockroaches. Symp. Results of this study indicate that M. fragrans seed compounds described could be useful for managing B. germanica in enclosed spaces such as inaccessible cockroach hiding places (crevices or electrical or plumbing ducts and cabinet voids) because of their fumigant action, provided that a carrier giving a slow release of active material can be selected or developed. Originating from the fruit of a petri dish ( 5.5 diameter by 1.2 cm ) sample injection or the made. 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